In psychology, dependence refers to a state in which an individual relies on a substance, person, or behavior to function, cope, or feel a sense of well-being. Physical dependence involves the body adapting to a substance such that its absence causes withdrawal symptoms. Psychological dependence involves emotional or motivational reliance, where a person feels unable to manage without a particular behavior or relationship. Dependence is a key feature in the diagnosis of substance use disorders and can also manifest in unhealthy relational patterns. Understanding and addressing dependence is central to addiction treatment and relationship therapy. For example, a person who experiences intense anxiety and withdrawal symptoms when unable to access alcohol is showing signs of physical and psychological dependence.
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