Self-esteem is defined as how personally valuable an individual feels and the worth an individual gives themselves, alongside how the person assesses themselves. It determines the thoughts a person has, the feelings experienced, the actions taken, and how an individual responds to the surrounding environment. Individuals who possess a high self-esteem estimate themselves as worthy, possess self-efficacy and are able to handle challenges with greater confidence. To illustrate, if a student feels capable, they are likely to take an exam with a level of confidence, in contrast to a student with a low self-esteem who would take the exam with a high level of anxiety. Self-esteem is influenced by cultural social norms as well as social comparisons. To possess a high self-esteem an individual is required to possess self-acceptance and a realistic self-evaluation, self-reliance, self-respect as well as self-validation in place of social validation.
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