In psychology, the concept of statistical significance refers to the notion that the results of a study, based on a pre-specified likelihood (most commonly p < .05), can be interpreted as meaning the study results are unlikely to have occurred by chance. Statistical significance suggests that the effects or relationships in question are real, and not a result of random occurrence, meaning they are meaningful and dependable in a population. Statistical significance affirms hypotheses, supports data-informed conclusions, and ought to be considered within the context of study design and practical significance. Example: A new therapy, when compared to a control group, shows a statistically significant reduction in anxiety symptoms.
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