Prejudice in psychology can be defined as the unfair negative attitude towards people or groups of people on the basis of social factors like race, gender, religion, age, or sexual orientation. It is not merely having a stereotype, a view of a group, but an emotional prejudice, which can frequently result in discrimination and prejudice. Prejudice may be both explicit (a person is aware of his or her negative attitudes) and implicit (biases work unconsciously and shape the behavior in minor manners). An example is taking the explicit form of prejudice when a person openly declines to co-operate with a certain group (explicit prejudice), and the implicit form when one base his hiring decisions on subconscious associations (implicit prejudice). Studies indicate that social learning, cultural values, and processes of group identity are known to influence prejudice and usually are motivated by fear, the perceived threat, or the need to uphold social hierarchies. According to classic theories, including the Allport hypothesis of contact, thoughtful communication between groups under conductive circumstances can eliminate prejudice. Recent research also emphasizes the effectiveness of such strategies as perspective-taking, training of empathy and exposure to diversity in challenging biased attitudes. Since prejudice is one of the causes of inequality, conflict, and poor mental health, psychology is still investigating it with the aim to encourage inclusion, fairness, and healthier intergroup relations.