Category: V

Vicarious reinforcement occurs when someone witnesses another individual being rewarded for certain behaviors and then becomes encouraged to replicate those actions. Bandura’s social learning theory posits this kind of learning as observation and imitation. This paradigm of reinforcement illustrates how new behaviors can be learned without firsthand experiences. Vicarious reinforcement and modeling are central to […]

Visual illusions or optical illusions arise from disconnect between perception and reality often brought about by a misinterpretation of the sensory inflow. While perception functions in a constructive manner, contexts, expectations, and previous experiences are all considered in the interpretation of stimuli. A perfect example is the Müller-Lyer illusion, where marks with arrow fins at […]