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Observation

Observation is a fundamental method in psychological research involving the systematic watching and recording of behavior in natural or controlled settings. It allows psychologists to gather direct data about how individuals act in real-world contexts without relying solely on self-report. Observation can be structured or unstructured, participant or non-participant, and overt or covert. While it […]

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Objectivity

In psychology, objectivity pertains to the capacity to describe and record details devoid of affective and evaluative attachments, as well as to forecast an outcome devoid of any prior hostile sentiment toward the subject concerned. This is a primary criterion of any investigative work, and this pertains to proper ethical conduct, guaranteeing impartiality and fairness […]

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Oedipus-complex

Psychotherapists explain the Oedipus complex as a controversial theory of Sigmund Freud as a component of psychosexual development focusing on a child’s development within the ages of three and six, which is characterized as the phallic stage. Concerning boys, Freud ascribed feelings of desire toward the mother and rivalry toward the father, which Freud suggested […]

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Overgeneralization

Overgeneralization is a cognitive distortion where an individual is inclined to making a single event his/her reality. Such people see never-ending negative patterns in all events irrespective of any evidence to the contrary. A classic illustrative example is a student’s failure to perform and his subsequent projection of himself as a failure in all his […]

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Obedience

Obedience is a psychological term used to describe the process of complying with direct orders or commands given by an authority figure even when the authority may have conflicting orders with personal beliefs or values. It is strong kind of social influence that serves to keep order within the society yet may have adverse effects […]